Introducing HPKV: High-Performance KV Store
We're excited to announce HPKV, a high-performance KV Store designed for modern applications. In this post, we'll explore what makes HPKV unique and how it achieves consistent nanosecond-level performance.
The Architecture Behind Nanosecond Performance
HPKV's exceptional performance comes from its carefully crafted architecture that combines several innovative techniques:
1. Lock-Free Architecture
At the heart of HPKV is a sophisticated lock-free design that minimizes contention and enables true parallel processing:
- Per-CPU write buffers eliminate cross-CPU synchronization
- Lock-free connection pools maximize throughput
- Zero-copy operations reduce memory overhead
- Advanced parallel control mechanisms for concurrent readers and writers
- Wait-free read operations with snapshot consistency
- Efficient memory reclamation with zero reader-writer contention
- Adaptive scheduling for optimal resource utilization
2. Smart Caching
Our intelligent caching system ensures frequently accessed data is always at your fingertips:
- Multi-tiered cache hierarchy with sub-microsecond hit times
- Clock-based cache eviction with adaptive sizing
- Zero-copy cache coherency protocol
- Intelligent data prefetching with access pattern analysis
- Per-CPU cache sharding for maximum throughput
3. Optimized Storage
The storage layer is designed for maximum efficiency:
- Zero-fragmentation space management with real-time defragmentation
- Adaptive block sizing with workload-aware optimization
- Lock-free B-tree index with zero-contention range queries
- Hybrid storage engine with optimized I/O patterns
- Concurrent compaction with zero impact on read performance
4. HPKV Core: The Speed Engine
The core of HPKV is where the magic happens. Here's how we achieve nanosecond-level performance:
Zero-Overhead Architecture:
- Direct data path optimization with zero-copy I/O
- NUMA-aware data placement and thread scheduling
- Optimized instruction paths for key operations
- Advanced conflict detection and resolution
Memory Management:
- Zero-contention memory pooling with thread-local caches
- Adaptive memory allocation with usage pattern analysis
- Intelligent NUMA-aware memory placement
- Advanced memory reclamation with RCU
Advanced Concurrency:
- Hybrid MVCC with optimistic timestamp allocation
- Wait-free reader synchronization
- Adaptive contention management with backoff strategies
- Per-region consistency with timestamp-based ordering
I/O Optimization:
- Intelligent I/O scheduling with priority-based queuing
- Zero-copy direct I/O paths
- Adaptive batch sizing based on load patterns
- Optimized storage layout for sequential access
These innovations work together to deliver consistent nanosecond-level latencies while maintaining strong durability guarantees. Our approach focuses on eliminating traditional bottlenecks that plague other key-value storess, resulting in performance that was previously thought impossible.
Simple Yet Powerful REST API
HPKV provides a clean, intuitive REST API that makes integration a breeze. Here are some examples:
Storing Data
// Store a value await fetch('https://api.hpkv.io/record', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'X-API-Key': 'your-api-key' }, body: JSON.stringify({ key: 'user:123', value: { name: 'John Doe', age: 30 } }) });
Retrieving Data
// Get a value const response = await fetch('https://api.hpkv.io/record/user:123', { headers: { 'X-API-Key': 'your-api-key' } }); const user = await response.json();
Deleting Data
// Delete a value await fetch('https://api.hpkv.io/record/user:123', { method: 'DELETE', headers: { 'X-API-Key': 'your-api-key' } });
Performance That Speaks for Itself
Our benchmarks show impressive numbers across different interfaces (tested with 1 million operations):
Core Performance (Local vectored call interface)
The following numbers were achieved on a modest 4 CPU cores (ARM - 3GHz) and 4GB RAM:
Operation | P50 | P99 | Throughput |
---|---|---|---|
Read | 250ns | 920ns | 2.9M ops/s |
Write | 460ns | 3210ns | 1.6M ops/s |
Delete | 380ns | 1460ns | 2.1M ops/s |
NOTE
REST API Performance (Same Region)
Operation | P50 | P99 | Throughput |
---|---|---|---|
GET | 0.05ms | 0.55ms | 131K ops/s |
POST | 0.15ms | 1.75ms | 59K ops/s |
DELETE | 0.25ms | 3.75ms | 34K ops/s |
NOTE
What's Next?
We're working on several exciting features which will be released in the coming 10 weeks:
- Multi-region replication with strong consistency
- Advanced monitoring and observability
- Enhanced backup and restore capabilities
- Extended API capabilities
Stay tuned for more updates as we continue to push the boundaries of what's possible with KV stores!